I think the short answer is no!

the round about way I do it (using an Epson R2400) is to output a file resized and output sharpened at 720 dpi from Qimage and print using Roy Harrington's QuadToneRip (http://www.quadtonerip.com/). This has the disadvantage that the image file is only 8 bit per channel while 16 bit would be preferable, as the RIP has to do some further processing before passing it on to the printer (QTR operates as a frontend to gutenprint, I think).
This may be more complicated than you want, and QTR only supports some Epson printers.

Can you take a saved file and then print directly via gutenprint, still getting the advantage of Qimage's resizing and sharpening algorithms?